{"id":4269,"date":"2021-01-26T12:20:34","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T12:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inshr-ew.ro\/en\/?p=4269"},"modified":"2021-01-28T08:58:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T08:58:34","slug":"revista-inshr-ew-holocaust-studii-si-cercetari-vol-xii-nr-113-2020-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inshr-ew.ro\/en\/revista-inshr-ew-holocaust-studii-si-cercetari-vol-xii-nr-113-2020-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201dElie Wiesel\u201d Institute`s Journal: Holocaust. Studii \u015fi cercet\u0103ri, vol. XII, issue 1(13), 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” column_spacing=”0px” tablet_fullwidth_cols=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1517326765103{padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 50px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/www.inshr-ew.ro\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/first_page_ew.jpg?id=1103) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” local_scroll_id=”home-top” el_class=”bg-fixed”][vc_column 0=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row column_spacing=”60″ local_scroll_id=”cine_suntem” css=”.vc_custom_1515854239369{padding-top: 40px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column 0=””]

\u201dElie Wiesel\u201d Institute`s Journal:
\nHolocaust. Studii \u015fi cercet\u0103ri, vol. XII, issue 1(13), 2020<\/span><\/h2>
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” column_spacing=”60″ local_scroll_id=”features” css=”.vc_custom_1515856202370{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column 0=”” width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]\"\"Title:\u00a0 <\/strong>Holocaust. Studii \u015fi cercet\u0103ri, vol. XII, no. 1(13)\/ 2020
\nPrice: <\/strong>35 lei
\nOrders: <\/strong>office@inshr-ew.ro[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_toggle title=”List of Authors”]\n

Ana B\u0103rbulescu,<\/strong> Ph.D. Senior researcher and head of the research department at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania. Associate professor at the University of Bucharest, Department of Jewish Studies. Research interests: the social history of the Transnistria ghettos; forced labor of the Romanian Jews; anti-Semitism in interwar Romania; Holocaust public memory in post-communist Romania.
\nContact: ana.barbulescu@lls.unibuc.ro.<\/p>\n

Daniel-Valeriu Boboc<\/strong> has been a researcher at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania since 2019. BA in History (1998) and Political Sciences (2002) at the \u201cAl.I. Cuza\u201d University in Ia\u0219i. MA (1999) and Ph.D. (2012) in Contemporary History at the \u201cAl.I. Cuza\u201d University in Ia\u0219i. His Ph.D. topic was \u201cUniversal Vote and Political Culture in Interwar Romania\u201d. He has published articles in scientific reviews. His research areas of interest are the politics between the two World Wars, Romania in international relationships, the Holocaust in Romania, and the history of communism.
\nContact: daniel76boboc@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

Marius Cazan<\/strong>, Ph.D. in History, is a researcher at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania. He was a member of the research team of the project \u201cEconomic Planning, Higher Education, and the Accumulation of Human Capital in Romania during Communism (1948-1989)\u201d, held at the Centre for Administrative, Cultural, and Economic Studies, Department of Administration and Business, and financed by the National Research Council. He was a member of the team which implemented the project \u201cThe Reconstruction of Holocaust Public Memory in Post-Communism\u201d at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d Institute. He is currently a member of the EHRI (European Holocaust Research Infrastructure) project. His research areas of interest are: Holocaust in Romania, anti-Semitism, Romanian communism, urban history, Romanian higher education history, history of everyday life during communism.
\nContact: mtcazan@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

Nicolae Emilian Dranc\u0103<\/strong> is a Ph.D. student at the Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, under the coordination of Professor Dr. Michael Shafir. He has studied history (bachelor\u00b4s degree at the University of Bucharest Department of Law,), political science (Master at \u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris). He has had a few scholarships and research internships at the universities of Strasbourg, Paris, Freiburg am Breisgau, Munich, Graz, Vienna, Berlin, Warsaw, Krakow, and \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. He has also been the main organizer, since 2015, of the Historical Film Festival in Bukovina, at Vatra Dornei and Czernowitz.
\nContact: dranca.nicolae.emilian@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Nicolae Dr\u0103gu\u0219in<\/strong> is a researcher at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania and a lecturer at the \u201cDimitrie Cantemir\u201d Christian University in Bucharest. He holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy (2013, Romanian Academy) and is a Ph.D. student in Political Science (2020-present, University of Bucharest). He holds a Master\u2019s degree in Human Rights and Democratization (2008, European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights from Venice) and one in Religious Studies \u2013 Texts and Traditions (2014, University of Bucharest). He is a BA in Political Science (2008, University of Bucharest), Orthodox Theology (2012, University of Bucharest), and Law (2017, \u201cNicolae Titulescu\u201d University from Bucharest). He has published scientific studies and review articles in Holocaust. Studii \u0219i cercet\u0103ri<\/em>, Studii teologice, Sfera politicii, Revista Polis, Revista de Filosofie, Mediterranean Journal of Human Rights<\/em>. He is an \u201cAndrei Scrima\u201d Fellow of the Institut f\u00fcr \u00d6kumenische Forschung in Hermanstadt (\u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University from Sibiu).
\nContact: nicolaedr@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

Alexandru Florian<\/strong> is the general director of the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania. He was a professor of Political Science at the \u201cDimitrie Cantemir\u201d University in Bucharest. He holds a PhD in Philosophy and Political Science from the Romanian Academy Institute of Social Theory (1998) with a thesis on modernity and transition in Romania.
\nContact: aflorian@inshr-ew.ro<\/p>\n

Emanuel-Marius Grec<\/strong> is a Ph.D. researcher in History at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. His interests include transitional justice and Jewish memory in post-war Romania, trials of Holocaust perpetrators, collaboration during the war in Romanian-occupied lands, as well as the history of the Jews in Western Romania. His Ph.D. thesis deals with the trials of war criminals and perpetrators in post-war Romania. He is funded in his research by \u201eErnst Ludwig Ehrlich\u201c Studienwerk, the foundation for Jewish students and studies in the Republic of Germany. A graduate of the \u201cVasile Goldi\u0219\u201d Western University in Arad, he also has an MA in Comparative History from the Central European University and one in Jewish Civilizations from the Hochschule f\u00fcr J\u00fcdische Studien in Heidelberg. He has also graduated the one-year program in Jewish Studies from Paideia \u2013 The European Institute for Jewish Studies in Sweden. His publications include articles and pieces on the People\u2019s Tribunals in Romania, the Jewish life of Arad in the 1930s, the role of Mihail Sebastian in Romanian literature and history, and the rise of anti-Semitism in modern-day Romania. He has been a member of the Center for Jewish Studies in Arad, Romania, since 2010.
\nContact: grec.emanuel@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. Armin Heinen<\/strong> from the RWTH Aachen University. He studied history, political science, and maths in Frankfurt. Doctorate on the \u201cArchangel Michael\u201d Legion in Romania. Habilitation at the University of Saarbr\u00fccken with a study on the history of the Saarland as the third German state, 1945 to 1955. Following a guest professorship in W\u00fcrzburg, Professor of Modern and Contemporary History in Aachen since 1998. Together with Victor Neumann, he established the \u201eReinhart Koselleck\u201c Graduate School in Timi\u0219oara. 2018 emeritus.
\nContact: Armin.Heinen@post.rwth-aachen.de .<\/p>\n

Sylvia Hershcovitz<\/strong> is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Jewish History at Bar Ilan University, and a Spiegel Fellow in the \u201cArnold & Leona Finkler\u201d Institute for Holocaust Research. She also coordinates the Romanian Forum within the institute. Her research is about the missing link: the Jewish women and their organizations in Romania during the first part of the 20th century. She concentrates on the everyday life of these women and their organizations, their identities, activities, and unique contribution to the women and children\u2019s lives during this period in Romania.
\nContact: shershcovitz@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Petre Matei<\/strong> is a researcher at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania. He holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Bucharest, with a thesis on the history of Roma in Romania. He held a DAAD scholarship in 2006 and a Tziporah-Wiesel fellowship at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, in 2012. He is the author of articles on the history of the Roma, a member of several research projects, and a project coordinator of the Roma survivors of Deportations to Transnistria<\/em> project. With Vintil\u0103 Mih\u0103ilescu, he co-edited Condi\u021bia rom\u0103. Schimbarea discursului<\/em> (The Roma Condition. Changing Discourse \u2013 Ia\u0219i 2014) and Roma. Der Diskurswandel (Vienna, 2020). His research interests focus on Roma history, the Holocaust, compensation, and memory. Between January and July 2021, he will be a research fellow at the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies, with the project \u201cRoma Deportations to Transnistria during the Second World War. Between Central Decision-Making and Local Initiatives\u201d.
\nContact: matei.petre.ro@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Emanuela Muntean<\/strong> est doctorante en litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Babe\u0219-Bolyai de Cluj-Napoca. Son int\u00e9r\u00eat porte sur la litt\u00e9rature de jeunesse, notamment sur la transmission de la m\u00e9moire de la Shoah \u00e0 travers le r\u00e9cit en images.
\nContact : mocan_emanuela@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

Andrei Muraru<\/strong> is a researcher at the \u201cElie Wiesel\u201d National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania and a lecturer at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (Bucharest). He holds a PhD in History (2011) from the University \u201cAl.I. Cuza\u201d in Ia\u0219i, with a thesis about the war crimes trials in Romania. He was a Doctoral Fellow at New Europe College and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and he recently won a post-doctoral fellowship from Yad Vashem \u2013 The International Institute for Holocaust Research. He is the author of the book (in Romanian) Vi\u0219inescu, the Forgotten Torturer: The Prison, the Crimes, the Trial<\/em> (2018); he coordinated or co-edited four volumes about Romanian recent history.
\nContact: andrei.muraru@snspa.ro<\/p>\n

Irina Nastas\u0103-Matei<\/strong>, is a junior lecturer at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Political Science. Ph.D. in history from the Babe\u0219-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. Author of the monograph Educa\u0163ie, politic\u0103 \u015fi propagand\u0103: Studen\u0163i rom\u00e2ni \u00een Germania nazist\u0103<\/em> (Education, Politics, and Propaganda: Romanian Students in Nazi Germany) and co-author of Cultur\u0103 \u0219i propagand\u0103. Institutul Rom\u00e2n din Berlin, 1940-194<\/em>5 (Culture and Propaganda. The Romanian Institute in Berlin, 1940-1945), with Lucian Nastas\u0103-Kov\u00e1cs. Currently running a postdoc grant on \u201cForms of Soft Power in Cold War Europe. Humboldt Fellowships for Romanian Scholars (1967-1989)\u201d. Research focus: cultural politics, cultural diplomacy, intellectual history, academic exchanges, academic migration, soft power\/ propaganda, ideology, German studies.
\nContact: irina_nastasa@yahoo.com<\/p>\n[\/vc_toggle][vc_separator][vc_tta_accordion active_section=”” title=”Abstracts”][vc_tta_section title=”THE ROMANIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE HOLOCAUST BY BULLETS: THE 6TH \u2018V\u00c2N\u0102TORI\u2019 REGIMENT \u2013 A CASE STUDY (II)” tab_id=”1575377941543-749ec758-6ee7″][vc_column_text]\n

MARIUS CAZAN<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThis article continues to follow the 6th \u2018V\u00e2n\u0103tori\u2019 Regiment\u2019s itinerary from the summer of 1941, after the slaughtering of the Jews in Sculeni. Its advancing in Bessarabia meant the crossing of a territory where large Jewish communities lived. The entire edifice of ideology and propaganda that equated the Jewish identity with the affiliation to communism, one that the military supported earnestly, was used to bring the Romanian troops to and keep them in the right state of mind. The article aims at describing in detail the operating mode, the criminal actions, and the subordination and coordination relationships from within one of the units of the 14th Infantry Division, that committed mass murders during the first few months after the launching of Operation \u2018Barbarossa\u2019.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: mass graves, Holocaust, mass execution, Jews, B\u0103l\u021bi, M\u0103rcule\u0219ti.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921580<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THE IMAGE OF THE JEW FROM NORTHERN BESSARABIA IN THE GENDARMERIE\u2019S 1940 INVESTIGATIONS” tab_id=”1611665148533-839d3f94-b2fa”][vc_column_text]\n

DANIEL-VALERIU BOBOC<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

In 1940, after the withdrawal from Bessarabia, the Romanian Gendarmerie carried out investigations in order to establish how it had been achieved, whether there had been human casualties or material losses, and what attitude the local population and the Soviet Army had displayed towards the gendarmes. The general survey brought about an image of the Jew depicted through ideological stereotypes: a communist, a traitor, a saboteur of the withdrawal efforts of the Romanian institutions\u2019 representatives. The goal of this study is to analyze how this imaginary Jew was drawn up and whether such an image is in keeping with that of the real Jew, resulting from text analyses and from the study of the political life of the Northern Bessarabian Jews from the interwar period.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Gendarmerie, Bessarabia, 1940, the image of the Jew, anti-Semitism.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921584<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”JEWISH WOMEN\u2019S ACTIVITIES DURING THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA. Mela Iancu, Director of the Jewish Center for the Protection of Mother and Child, as a Case Study” tab_id=”1611665238006-30afabdf-92c9″][vc_column_text]\n

SYLVIA HERSHCOVITZ<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nAlthough the war and the Holocaust struck men and women equally, there are reasons to discuss the fate of the women and their specific problems, in order to fill a missing link in describing Jewish life and to offer a fresh perspective that would give us better tools to write the history of Jewish life at that time. This paper will discuss the Romanian Jewish Women\u2019s activity during the Holocaust and will particularly look into the activity of \u201cThe Jewish Center for the Protection of Mother and Child\u201d, founded in Bucharest by Mela Iancu. What was the center\u2019s contribution to the Jewish children and mothers during the war in Romania and to the orphans rescued from Transnistria? What can be learned about the women\u2019s role during periods of crisis and war? \u201cMama Mela\u201d, as the children of the center used to call her, was a symbol of determination, inspiration, wisdom, and hope. Finally, by including her story in the historical discourse, this paper aspires to shape and contribute to the large framework designing a reviewed historical approach and a gender-sensitive agenda.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Romania, holocaust, gender, orphans, Transnistria, Mela Iancu.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921585<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THE HOLOCAUST OF THE VATRA DORNEI JEWS, MARCH \u2013 OCTOBER 1941. From Dispossession of Goods to Ghettoization and Deportation” tab_id=”1611665627758-b4bd7fce-3e74″][vc_column_text]\n

NICOLAE EMILIAN DRANCA<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThis research has several objectives in mind. The first is to identify the exact location of the ghetto in Vatra Dornei, which existed in October 1941. So far, no one has found and described exactly the streets where this ghetto was located or the capacity it had. The second objective is to identify people who were confined in that ghetto before being deported to Transnistria. The third objective is to identify the participants in the confinement of the Jewish population in the ghetto, respectively the perpetrators and co-perpetrators of crimes and abuses committed against the Jewish population of Vatra Dornei, in 1941. The Jews of Vatra Dornei were especially active in hotels and services, forestry, as well as in the liberal professions. From the Vatra Dornei area, according to some sources, approximately 2,500 Jews were deported together with other Jews from C\u00e2mpulung \u2013 a total of 6,118 people. At the request of the local and German authorities, 21 Jews were sent back from Transnistria to VatraDornei, because they were effectively indispensable. This research on the Holocaust conducted at the scale of small community can be compared to the development of the cell in an organism. The Holocaust would not have existed without these small cells multiplied hundreds of times, maybe even thousands of times. In addition, this micro-history, researched and analyzed, reveals details that are also arguments for contesting the theses according to which the Holocaust began only after 22 June 1941, or it was possible only where state institutions were dissolved. The main sources for this research are made up of the National Archives in Suceava.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Bukovina, Vatra Dornei, ghettoization, trains, deportation, Transnistria.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921587<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FROM WHAT IS A JEW TO WHO IS A JEW FOR THE ROMANIAN STATE? Changing Juridical Definitions and Conflicting Identities in Normative Acts (1938-1942)” tab_id=”1611666043933-8dae1811-b374″][vc_column_text]\n

NICOLAE DR\u0102GU\u0218IN<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe present study aims at exploring how the question of Jewish emancipation was managed by the Romanian State. Our analytical quest aims at unveiling the double approach of the Romanian authorities. While the first phase revolved around the question: \u201cWhat is a Jew for the Romanian State?\u201d, the second phase revolved around a different question: \u201cWho is a Jew for the Romanian State?\u201d Consequently, the paper consists of two parts. First, we are interested to investigate the quest for citizenship up to 1919\/1923; second, we are interested to see how the Romanian authorities approached the Jewish minority after naturalization was granted. This second part, corresponding to the years 1923 to 1938, has two complementary facets: revising the citizenship (1924-1938) and legally defining the Jew (1940-1942), in order to introduce a whole range of discriminations. These complementary facets are interlinked since the legal identification of the Jews was meant, in certain situations, to deprive them of the rights associated with citizenship and, in other situations, to exclude them from society and nationalize their properties. The paper focuses on the legal documents (treaties, constitutional laws, organic laws, and decree-laws) to explore the status ascribed to Jews by the Romanian State and the dynamics of the legal definitions associated with them in the early nineteen-forties.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Naturalization, emancipation, Holocaust, stateless, Jew, laws on citizenship.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921589<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ERNEST BERNEA AND THE LEGIONARY MOVEMENT. An Intellectual\u2019s Ideological Choices and their Post-war Consequences” tab_id=”1611666255254-a35039f2-d0d8″][vc_column_text]\n

IRINA NASTAS\u0102-MATEI<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe paper discusses Ernest Bernea\u2019s legionary past, focusing on its consequences and the post-war fate of the sociologist. I take into consideration his activity as a member of the Legionary Movement, his journalistic activity from the R\u00e2nduiala magazine, as well as the time he spent at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in the light of the communist authorities\u2019 subsequent attitude, highlighting the post-war fate of the Gusti school\u2019s member, which was profoundly marked by this legionary drift. The main resources used in the paper are the documents from the CNSAS Archive.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Intellectuals; the Legionary Movement; the Communist regime; the Securitate\/CNSAS Archives.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921591<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VINTIL\u0102 HORIA: BETWEEN A FASCIST PAST AND AN EMBELLISHED POSTERITY” tab_id=”1611666406843-e0b4177d-74a1″][vc_column_text]\n

ALEXANDRU FLORIAN<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThere were moments in Romanian culture, after 1990, when the interwar cultural heritage was evaluated in a counter-motion as to the way it had been during the communist regime. Everything that had been rejected then became apt for recognition and furthering. Cioran, Eliade, Noica, Vulc\u0103nescu, or Vintil\u0103 Horia, who had been forbidden during this or that period of communism, now had their public memory glorified. Although some of those authors had been found guilty of war crimes or others had shared the values of Romanian fascism and had been their active supporters, there are public intellectuals nowadays who think that their cultural role was far more important and have therefore turned them into idols. Right-wing extremists have symbolically called \u201csaints of the prisons\u201d those who had died as detainees during the communist regime. The case of Vintil\u0103 Horia aims at proving that the support given to his memory by certain intellectuals lacks ethical and ontological arguments, since the essayist partook of the anti-democratic values to the very end of his life.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Fascism, anti-Semitism, anti-democratic<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921596<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NICOLAE IORGA AND THE JEWS. Framing Belongingness and Legitimating Exclusion” tab_id=”1611666502067-9c851e90-233a”][vc_column_text]\n

ANA B\u0102RBULESCU<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThis paper turns toward the image ascribed to the Jewish minority by one of the most prolific representatives of Romanian culture, Nicolae Iorga. The analysis starts with the identity pattern proposed by Iorga and moves to the cluster of attributes that he ascribed to the Jewish minority, as well as the social roles associated to the latter. On a final approach, our interest moves towards the political solutions envisaged by Iorga to solve the \u201cJewish problem\u201d.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Nicolae Iorga, identity, nationalism, anti-Semitism.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921599<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DAS SAG- UND DENKBARE \u00dcBER DIE RUM\u00c4NISCHE SHOAH\/ THE SAYABLE AND THE THINKABLE ABOUT THE ROMANIAN SHOAH. Romanian Strands of Discourse, German Process to Overcome the Past and international Holocaust Research” tab_id=”1611666649617-3b61c7bf-5c93″][vc_column_text]\n

ARMIN HEINEN<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe history of the Romanian Shoah has long been an unwritten story, at least in the field of Romanian historiography. In this respect, the political upheaval of 1989 stands for a new historiographical beginning. Romanian historiography was split into negationists and trivializers, into uninterested and basic researchers. But even those who promoted research on the Holocaust remained entangled in narrow patterns of interpretation until 2003\/5. The connection to the newly emerging global Holocaust research did not succeed. Numerous research reports have interpreted this fact as the result of political conditions. The first part of this article takes upon this observation. It presents the historical studies regarding the Romanian Holocaust until 2003\/5, and discusses their political background. Part two asks whether international research up to 1989\/2005 outside the communist area scored much better. The result is ambivalent. Part three shows why global Holocaust research, with its approaches, remained incapable of analysing the Romanian case adequately. Only the paradigmatic shift in international Holocaust research after 1989\/2000, fourthly, has enabled historical scholarship to analyse the Romanian case as well. According to the concluding fifth thesis, the Romanian Holocaust historiography is characterized by a negative synchronicity with the West. This negative synchronicity has contributed to a structural heterogeneity of the Romanian Holocaust discourse and has been the cause of little international attention to the Romanian case. Today, the challenge is to apply the perspectives of current Genocide and Holocaust research to Romania, in order to turn synchronicity into a positive direction. At the same time, research on the Romanian Holocaust must become an integrated part of international Holocaust studies.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Holocaust (Shoah); Romanian historiography; Holocaust research.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921601<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RACONTER LA SHOAH EN BANDE DESSINEE JEUNESSE. The Hidden Child as a Carrier of Memory” tab_id=”1611666911927-7ac0d9b6-6010″][vc_column_text]\n

EMANUELA MUNTEAN<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nL\u2019article propose une incursion dans l\u2019histoire de la Shoah \u00e0 travers le personnage de l\u2019enfant juif cach\u00e9. Pour cela, nous explorons l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la figure de l\u2019enfant cach\u00e9 sur la sc\u00e8ne de la m\u00e9moire historique et sa transformation en personnage fictionnel. En nous \u00e9tayant sur deux publications en bande dessin\u00e9e, L\u2019envol\u00e9e sauvage, de Laurent Galandon, Arno Moninet Hamo, et La guerre de Catherine, de Julia Billet et Claire Fauvel, nous analysons le destinet l\u2019univers de l\u2019enfant durant la guerre, tout en d\u00e9gageant le r\u00f4le de la litt\u00e9rature dans la transmission de la m\u00e9moire historique. L\u2019individualisation de l\u2019Histoire permet une approche fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9motion et offre au lecteur une exp\u00e9rience initiatique g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de valeurs.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Bande dessin\u00e9e, Shoah, enfant cach\u00e9, L\u2019envol\u00e9e sauvage, La guerre de Catherine<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921606<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TRANSITION ON TRIAL. The People\u2019s Tribunals between Historiography and the Politics of Memory in Post-War Romania” tab_id=”1611667237785-f9bff0fe-f103″][vc_column_text]\n

EMANUEL-MARIUS GREC<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nIn this article, I examine the People\u2019s Tribunals and the relevant debates surrounding them. I focus in particular on the symbolic role of these special trials in the Romanian public imagination after 1989, as well as the ways in which scholars can better fit them into existing historiographical patterns. Concepts such as \u201cpolitical justice\u201d or \u201ctransition\u201d will also be further explored. Also, I analyze the way in which the Soviet influence in these post-war trials has been perceived, while also looking at the multiple ways in which it can be interpreted. I then show that the study of the Holocaust in Romania is contingent upon understanding these crucial post-war attempts to deal with the horrors of Romania\u2019s past. With all their issues, the People\u2019s Tribunals were crucial in condemning war criminals who perpetrated the genocide of Jews and Roma in Romania. Their unique character must be drawn into relief as they were based on special laws, as ordinary courts did not have the capacity to deal with the unprecedented nature of the crimes that took place during World War II. In this sense, seeing these legal proceedings within the larger European context of dealing with Nazi crimes is of the utmost importance.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: the People\u2019s Tribunals, post-war justice, Soviet influence, transition, Holocaust in Romania.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921609<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OUTRAGEOUS REHABILITATIONS: JUSTICE AND MEMORY IN THE ATTEMPTS TO RESTORE THE WAR CRIMINALS\u2019. Remembrance in Post-Holocaust Romania. The Recent Case of General Nicolae Macici (I)” tab_id=”1611667308158-b1d5f82b-3c7b”][vc_column_text]\n

ANDREI MURARU<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nStarting from the most recent rehabilitation request in Romanian justice (General Nicolae Macici, one of the coordinators of the 1941 Odessa massacre), this study examines the case of the rehabilitation of war criminals during the communist regime and after the 1989 Revolution. In 1945, the post-war trials, in which many members of the Antonescu regime were tried, disappeared as subjects from the public sphere, though the trials went on. The series of rehabilitations began in the mid-1960s, when the communist regime put in practice a thaw and the release of political prisoners. Analyzing concrete cases of the Romanian military, intellectuals, and dignitaries who obtained legal and social rehabilitation during communism, the present study shows that those rehabilitations were made with the tacit consent of the Romanian authorities. However, the trials were not retried and the convicts were not considered not guilty. The collapse of communism paved the way for the legal rehabilitation of many war criminals by the justice system through retrying the trials and acquitting those guilty of war crimes and genocide. In general, the legal rehabilitations were aimed either at honoring the memory and restoring the honor of those considered to have been victims of the Soviet occupation, or at allowing their heirs to reclaim the confiscated property of the convicts. The study shows that these posthumous post-communist rehabilitations were made possible due to the general current within Romanian society in the 1990s. This trend, maintained by a political and historiographical agenda, was stopped in the 2000s, with Romania\u2019s access to NATO and the European Union. Although public campaigns to rehabilitate war criminals have continued, the justice system has not allowed any rehabilitation of those convicted of war crimes and genocide after 2000.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/em>: Posthumous rehabilitation, war criminals, trials, Holocaust, (post-)communism.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921619<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THE REPARATIONS GAME. Early Efforts at German Compensation for the Jewish Victims of the Holocaust in Romania (1967-1970)” tab_id=”1611667698940-2255299e-051a”][vc_column_text]\n

PETRE MATEI<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/em>
\nIn the late 1960s and early 1970s, Romania tried to obtain West German compensation for its Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Unlike other states, Romania\u2019s attempts failed. This can be explained not only by the dynamic of the Cold War (which imposed certain restrictions on how West Germany related to the communist states in Eastern Europe), but also by the superficial approach Romania adopted towards compensation. Generally speaking, the Romanian authorities viewed the Jewish victims in Romania merely as a number of people whose persecution could be capitalized on, following a rather rudimentary strategy. Aware of the existence of certain legal obstacles, Romania acted unofficially (through Jewish proxies) between 1967 and 1970, but formalized its actions in 1970, when it started to discuss the compensation issue directly with West Germany. During both phases, the institution in charge was the Securitate, the notorious Romanian secret police. Its representatives made serious mistakes, such as misinterpreting the German compensation legislation and wrongly assumed that they could negotiate with West Germany from a position of strength. Until the collapse of communism, West Germany refused to even begin negotiations with Romania on the compensation issue.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/em> War reparations, compensation, Holocaust, Germany, Romania, Jews.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=921622<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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